[CiteOnly]

Measured: zero fabricated answers.

The same questions and documents, put to a regular AI model and to CiteOnly.

0 invented answers from CiteOnly, across thousands of questions and six test runs
How we know

Not one answer contained material that was not in the documents. Every test of the current design.

1 in 40 answers with invented material from a regular AI model
How we know

1 answer in 40 had invented material, and up to 1 in 24 on document types a regular AI model had not seen before.

23% of answers from another company's question-answering AI had material not in the documents
How we know

The same documents were given to a question-answering AI that another company offers publicly, and to CiteOnly. CiteOnly had none.

How we tested

Our own controlled comparisons on public question-answering material: thousands of held-out questions across six test runs. "Fabricated" means the answer contained material not found in the source documents. Customer documents are what pilots are for.

Share of answers with material from no source document

  • Leading legal AI research tools published study, external17% to 33%
  • Another company's question-answering AI our test, same documents23%
  • A regular AI model, writing its answer our test, same questions2.5% to 4.2%
  • CiteOnly every test of the current design0
Sources, and how the bars are drawn

Top row: Magesh et al., Journal of Empirical Legal Studies, tools tested in 2024. Lower three rows: our own measurements. Bars are drawn to the top of each range.

For comparison

1 in 6 answers from leading legal AI research tools contained a hallucination
Source

Researchers at Stanford, Journal of Empirical Legal Studies, tools tested in 2024. At least 1 in 6; for the worst of them, 1 in 3.

58%+ of the time, general-purpose chatbots hallucinated when asked about a real US court case
Source

Journal of Legal Analysis, 2023 models.

0 fabricated answers from CiteOnly
And when the documents do not answer

CiteOnly says so.

What the zero means for you

Every other system on the chart lets some invented answers through. Those are the answers a person has to catch before they reach a filing, an examiner or a client.

Why CiteOnly lets none through

Every line is taken from your documents and arrives with its page. There is nothing to catch afterwards, and the record of where each line came from is already there.

Test it on your own documents

A pilot is the benchmark that matters: your files, your questions, your reviewers.